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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 7-9Note 7 — Litigation and Environmental MattersAbbott has been identified as a potentially responsible party for investigation and cleanup costs at a number of locations in the United States and Puerto Rico under federal and state remediation laws and is investigating potential contamination at a number of company-owned locations. Abbott has recorded an estimated cleanup cost for each site for which management believes Abbott has a probable loss exposure. No individual site cleanup exposure is expected to exceed $3 million, and the aggregate cleanup exposure is not expected to exceed $15 million. There are two patent disputes with third parties who claim Abbott’s products infringe their patents. In the first dispute, Abbott recorded the findings of a binding arbitration and paid the amount in January 2007. In the second dispute, which Abbott assumed as part of the Guidant acquisition, reserves equal to the expected resolution have been recorded. There are several civil actions pending brought by individuals or entities that allege generally that Abbott and numerous pharmaceutical companies reported false or misleading pricing information relating to the average wholesale price of certain pharmaceutical products in connection with federal, state and private reimbursement. Civil actions have also been brought against Abbott, and in some cases other members of the pharmaceutical industry, by state attorneys general seeking to recover alleged damages on behalf of state Medicaid programs. In May 2006, Abbott was notified that the U.S. Department of Justice intervened in a civil whistle-blower lawsuit alleging that Abbott inflated prices for Medicaid and Medicare reimbursable drugs. The outcome of these investigations and litigation could include the imposition of fines or penalties. Abbott is unable to estimate the amount of possible loss, and no loss reserves have been recorded for these exposures. Many of the products involved in these cases are Hospira products. Hospira, Abbott’s former hospital products business, was spun off to Abbott’s shareholders in 2004. Abbott retained liability for losses that result from these cases and investigations to the extent any such losses both relate to the sale of Hospira’s products prior to the spin-off of Hospira and relate to allegations that were made in such pending and future cases and investigations that were the same as allegations existing at the date of the spin-off. Within the next year, legal proceedings may occur that may result in a change in the estimated reserves recorded by Abbott. For its legal proceedings and environmental exposures, excluding the cases and investigations discussed in the third paragraph of this footnote, and excluding the binding arbitration award discussed in the second paragraph, Abbott estimates the range of possible loss to be from approximately $165 million to $295 million. The recorded reserve balance at December 31, 2006 for these proceedings and exposures was approximately $200 million. These reserves represent management’s best estimate of probable loss, as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, ”Accounting for Contingencies.” While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of all such proceedings and exposures with certainty, management believes that their ultimate disposition should not have a material adverse effect on Abbott’s financial position, cash flows, or results of operations, except for the cases and investigations discussed in the third paragraph of this footnote, the resolution of which could be material to cash flows or results of operations for a quarter. Note 8 — Spin-off of HospiraIn 2004, Abbott’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend distribution of all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Hospira, Inc., payable on April 30, 2004. Hospira included the operations relating to the manufacture and sale of hospital products including specialty injectable pharmaceuticals, medication delivery systems and critical care devices and injectable pharmaceutical contract manufacturing. Hospira included Abbott’s Hospital Products segment, after that segment’s reorganization on January 1, 2004, and portions of the former International segment. The income and cash flows of Hospira and the direct transaction costs of the spin-off have been presented as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Statement of Cash Flows. Abbott has retained liabilities for taxes on income prior to the spin-off, defined benefit, post-employment medical and dental plan obligations and assets, as of the spin-off, for most of Hospira’s U.S. retired employees and U.S. retirement eligible employees and certain potential liabilities, if any, related to alleged improper pricing practices prior to the spin-off in connection with federal, state and private reimbursement for certain drugs. Note 9 — Incentive Stock ProgramThe 1996 Incentive Stock Program authorizes the granting of stock options, replacement stock options, stock appreciation rights, limited stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance units and foreign qualified benefits. Stock options, replacement stock options and restricted stock awards and units comprise the majority of benefits that have been granted and are currently outstanding under this program and prior programs. In 2006, Abbott granted 25,657,134 stock options, 3,961,376 replacement stock options, 1,088,911 (net of forfeitures of 100,000) restricted stock awards and 949,397 (net of forfeitures of 27,600) restricted stock units under the programs. The purchase price of shares under option must be at least equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant, and the maximum term of an option is 10 years. Options vest equally over three years except for replacement options, which vest in six months. Most options granted before January 1, 2005 included a replacement feature. When an employee tenders mature shares to Abbott upon exercise of a stock option, a replacement stock option is granted equal to the amount of shares tendered. Replacement options are granted at the then current market price for a term that expires on the date of the underlying option grant. Upon a change in control of Abbott, all outstanding stock options become fully exercisable, and all terms and conditions of all restricted stock awards and units are deemed satisfied. Restricted stock awards granted in 2006 have a 5 year term, with no more than one-third of the award vesting in any one year upon Abbott reaching a minimum return on equity target. Restricted stock units granted in 2006 vest over three years and upon vesting, the recipient receives one share of Abbott stock for each vested restricted stock unit. The aggregate fair market value of restricted stock awards and units is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Restricted stock awards and settlement of vested restricted stock units are issued out of treasury shares. Abbott issued new shares for exercises of stock options. Abbott does not have a policy of purchasing its shares relating to its share-based programs. At January 1, 2007, approximately 49 million shares were reserved for future grants under the 1996 Program. Subsequent to year-end, the Board of Directors granted approximately 20 million stock options and restricted stock awards and units from this reserve. The number of restricted stock awards and units outstanding and the weighted-average grant-date fair value at December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2006 was 2,381,800 and $50.09 and 3,830,728 and $45.31, respectively. The number of restricted stock awards and units, and the weighted-average grant-date fair value, that were granted, vested and lapsed during 2006 were 2,165,908 and $43.99, 573,019 and $48.74 and 143,961 and $43.93, respectively. The fair value of restricted stock awards and units vested in 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $32,226,000, $12,949,000 and $16,469,000, respectively.
On January 1, 2006, Abbott adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), ”Share-Based Payment,” which requires that the fair value of share-based awards be recorded in the results of operations. Abbott used the modified prospective method of adoption. Under this method, prior years’ financial results do not include the impact of recording stock options using fair value. Under the revised standard, awards issued after 2005 and the remainder of any unrecognized cost for grants issued prior to 2006 are charged to expense. Total non-cash compensation expense charged against income in 2006 for share-based plans totaled approximately $330 million and the tax benefit recognized was approximately $78 million. Approximately 40 to 45 percent of the annual net cost of share-based awards will typically be recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the granting of share-based awards. Compensation cost capitalized as part of inventory is not significant. Through December 31, 2005, Abbott measured compensation cost using the intrinsic value-based method of accounting for stock options and replacement options granted to employees. Had compensation cost been determined using the fair value-based accounting method in 2005 and 2004, pro forma net income (in billions) and earnings per share (EPS) amounts would have been as follows:
The weighted average fair value of an option granted in 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $11.72, $12.17 and $11.79, respectively. The fair value of an option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
The risk-free interest rate is based on the rates available at the time of the grant for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the option’s expected life. The average life of an option granted in 2006 is based on both historical and projected exercise and lapsing data. Prior to 2006, the average life of an option granted was based on historical experience. Expected volatility for 2006 option grants is based on implied volatilities from traded options on Abbott’s stock and historical volatility of Abbott’s stock over the expected life of the option. Expected volatility for options granted prior to 2006 was based on historical volatility over a period prior to the option grant equal to the option’s expected life. Dividend yield is based on the option’s exercise price and annual dividend rate at the time of grant.
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